It's all science, the "art" part is just being better at the science than others. If the money and technology was more inept to determine which genes a dog has and where it came from we would have no use for the art or people that thoroughly know their dogs. You could just map the dogs genes and compare to both parents. Of course it would be really tricky to know which genes were responsible for each function and that's why we aren't there yet. But it's all science though.