In the Velvet and Steel book it refers to a study with mice and swimming in a bucket. The dessicated liver mice swam much much longer. When the East German women and the Soviet bloc ladies looked like middle linebackers in the Olympics in the 60's dessicated liver was a key part of their plan, this even prior to the blatant steroid use. I have always found it funny that just because things get better or more advanced the old way no longer works...at all. I doubt we as people, or the dogs themselves, or the mice for that matter, have evolved in fifty years where the dessicated liver no longer works.